> SS: Concerning configurations, looking at the
> specification hierarchy:
> {physical dynamics {material connections {biological
> organization}}}, we must conclude that physical degrees of
> freedom must become increasingly frozen out as we ascend the
> hierarchy. However, new degrees of freedom open up at each
> level. These new degrees of freedom cannot be confined by
> physical laws, but could be said to become subject to new
> 'laws of matter', perhaps such as the purported 'laws of
> biology' cited by Richard (see below). In addition, the
> effects of historicity become increasingly important as we
> ascend the hierarchy, and here is where I meet Bob's
> perspective. I represent this as an increase in the effects
> of contingency as we ascend the hierarchy.
Beyond the biological, the psychological and the sociological take over by
introducing degrees of freedoms in the expectation. One can see that from
the bifurcation diagram for the logistic map and its anticipatory
equivalents below:
<http://users.fmg.uva.nl/lleydesdorff/temp/index_files/image001.gif>
x(t+1) = a x(t) [1 - x(t)]
The psyche is modeled as a weakly anticipatory system using the incursive
equivalent of the logistic equation:
x(t+1) = a x(t) [1 - x(t+1)]
The social system as a strongly anticipatory one using a hyperincursive
equivalent:
x(t) = a x(t+1) [1 - x(t+1)}
Since this equation is quadratic, one obtains two solutions at each time
step. By taking turns (in terms of the sign of the equation) the social
system develops a trajectory in real time within this field of
possibilities.
(For those of you, who do not receive these emails in html, please, consult
http://www.leydesdorff.net/temp/index.htm or
allow html for this email
only.)
With best wishes,
Loet
_____
Loet Leydesdorff
Amsterdam School of Communications Research (ASCoR)
Kloveniersburgwal 48, 1012 CX Amsterdam
Tel.: +31-20- 525 6598; fax: +31-20- 525 3681
<mailto:loet@leydesdorff.net> loet@leydesdorff.net ;
<http://www.leydesdorff.net/> http://www.leydesdorff.net/
Now available:
<http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581129378>
The Knowledge-Based Economy: Modeled, Measured, Simulated. 385 pp.; US$
18.95
<http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581126956>
The Self-Organization of the Knowledge-Based Society;
<http://www.universal-publishers.com/book.php?method=ISBN&book=1581126816>
The Challenge of Scientometrics
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Received on Fri Oct 27 07:57:26 2006
